Key Takeaways
- MA programs emphasize humanities, social sciences, and fine arts, while MS programs concentrate on scientific, technical, and analytical disciplines
- MA graduates often pursue careers in education, research, writing, public policy, or the arts, whereas MS graduates tend to enter fields like research, technology, healthcare, engineering, or data-driven industries
- MS programs typically require applicants to have completed prior coursework in math, science, or related fields to ensure preparedness for the technical nature of the program
- Choosing between an MA and an MS should align closely with your personal, academic, and career goals. It’s best to consult admissions or academic advisors early to ensure the right fit
Thinking about going back to school for a master’s degree but not sure whether to choose a Master of Arts (MA) or a Master of Science (MS)?
Both are respected graduate-level degrees that can open doors to new opportunities, but they have different focuses and can lead to different career paths. Understanding the key differences between an MA and an MS will help you decide which degree type is the best fit for your interests and goals.
Keep reading to learn more about what sets these two degrees and levels of education apart.
What is a Master of Arts Degree?
A Master of Arts (MA) degree is a graduate program designed for those passionate about exploring the human experience through subjects like the humanities, social sciences, and fine arts. Common fields of study include literature, history, psychology, sociology, education, languages, and communication.
Unlike degrees that focus heavily on technical skills, an MA emphasizes developing a strong foundation in theoretical knowledge, critical thinking, and qualitative research. Students learn to analyze ideas, interpret complex texts or social behaviors, and communicate their insights effectively.
This degree is ideal for individuals who enjoy deep intellectual exploration and want to pursue careers in areas such as education, research, writing, public policy, or the arts—fields where thoughtful analysis and a broad understanding of culture and society are essential.
What is a Master of Science Degree?
A Master of Science (MS) degree is a graduate program that focuses on scientific, technical, and analytical disciplines. Common fields of study include STEM areas like biology, chemistry, engineering, computer science, mathematics, as well as economics, health sciences, and information technology.
MS programs emphasize practical skills, data analysis, research methods, and the application of scientific principles. Students often engage in hands-on experiments, quantitative research, and problem-solving to develop expertise in their chosen field.
This degree is well-suited for students who enjoy working with numbers, technology, and scientific concepts, and who aim for careers in research, technology, healthcare, engineering, or data-driven industries where technical knowledge and analytical thinking are key.
Key Differences Between Master of Arts and Master of Science
There is a certain amount of difference between a Master of Arts and a Master of Science. First and foremost, they differ in terms of their focus and, as such, the courses they provide. An MA and MS also differ in terms of their duration, the modalities in which they are conducted, as well as the type of jobs they prepare you for. We will explain each of these aspects below.
Coursework
One of the main differences between MA and MS primarily lies in the type of courses you will complete during your studies. While most of the classes in an MS require a great deal of research and technical skills, MA classes have fewer such requirements. For example, a computer science student will attend courses in programming languages, computer repair, and similar. On the other hand, an MA student will typically attend classes in art history, behavioral sciences, and similar subjects.
Duration
The duration of studies is another important aspect of a MA and MS, in which they, in fact, have a great similarity. In this sense, a Master of Sciences in fields like computer science or information technology will, in principle, last two years. However, this also depends on whether you choose to study full or part-time, on-campus or online. Similarly, a Master of Arts will also randomly last two years.
Research type
Another difference between an MA and MS stands in the amount of research done primarily during the last year of studies. While students enrolled in MA may find themselves tasked with less research, those enrolled in MS will have to conduct extensive research for their thesis. Apart from that, MA students will often have the possibility to do fieldwork that would be considered their thesis.
Career paths
According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment in community and social services occupations that require an MA degree is expected to grow faster than the average for all occupations from 2023 to 2033.
Herein, we talk about job positions such as:
- Health Education Specialists and Community Health workers
- Marriage and Family Therapists
- Rehabilitation Counselors
- School and Career Counselor Advisers
- Social Workers
It is worth mentioning that the average salary for the positions above reaches $57,530.
Regarding the job prospects for MS graduates, the US Bureau of Labor Statistics shows even greater job prospects. For instance, the job demand for Computer and Information Research Scientists is expected to grow by 26% by 2033, which is faster than average. Their average salary is around $140,910.
Flexibility
MA programs often offer more flexibility, allowing students to choose from a wider range of electives or even interdisciplinary courses. This flexibility can enable students to tailor their studies to diverse interests beyond a narrowly defined field. In contrast, MS programs typically follow a more structured curriculum, with a defined sequence of courses focused on technical skills and core scientific knowledge. However, the degree of flexibility in both MA and MS programs can vary significantly depending on the university and the specific program.
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Admission requirements
Both MA and MS programs generally require applicants to have a bachelor’s degree and submit official transcripts as part of the admission process. For MA programs, the admission criteria tend to be broader, often not requiring a specific undergraduate college major, which opens the door for students from various academic backgrounds. On the other hand, MS programs usually expect applicants to have completed prior coursework in math, science, or related fields to ensure preparedness for the technical nature of the program.
Factors to Consider When Choosing Between MA and MS
The choice between Master of Arts vs Master of Science entirely depends on your personal career goals and interests. In this spirit, if you find yourself attracted to science, research, and other technical fields, a master’s of science might be a perfect choice. However, if you think of yourself as more creative, attracted to humanities and fieldwork, and less of a “science material, ” then it is best to consider pursuing an MA. If you believe you can do any of them, you might want to consider the job prospects and average salary of each when choosing one.
Wrapping Up
Choosing between a Master of Arts and a Master of Science is an important decision that should align closely with your personal, academic, and career goals. While MA programs often provide broader flexibility and interdisciplinary opportunities, MS degrees focus on technical expertise and specialized knowledge. Neither degree is inherently “better” than the other—it ultimately depends on your individual interests and professional aspirations.
To make the most informed choice, it’s essential to thoroughly explore the programs you’re considering, review their curriculum and admission requirements, and consult with academic advisors. This will help ensure your graduate education supports your long-term success.
If you’re ready to take the next step, Potomac offers a variety of Masters of Science degrees designed to fit diverse goals and backgrounds. Explore Potomac’s offerings today to find the program that’s right for you.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is an MA easier than an MS?
Not necessarily. The difficulty of an MA versus an MS depends largely on the field of study, the specific program, and your own academic strengths and interests. MA programs may emphasize critical thinking and writing, while MS programs often require more technical or quantitative skills. What feels easier varies by individual.
Can I switch from an MA to an MS?
Switching from an MA to an MS program is sometimes possible, but it depends on the institution’s policies and the relatedness of the fields. Since MS programs typically require a stronger background in math and science, you may need to complete prerequisite courses or demonstrate relevant skills before making the switch. It’s best to consult admissions or academic advisors early.
Which is better for a PhD?
Both MA and MS degrees can serve as stepping stones to a PhD, but the choice depends on your intended research area. MS degrees often provide more technical training and research experience, which can be beneficial for science or engineering PhD programs. MA degrees may better prepare students for PhDs in humanities or social sciences. Ultimately, aligning your master’s focus with your doctoral goals is key.
